Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/75886 
Year of Publication: 
2001
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 492
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
We propose that outcome utility and process utility can be distinguished and empirically measured. People gain procedural utility from participating in the political decision-making process itself, irrespective of the outcome. Nationals enjoy both outcome and process utility, while foreigners are excluded from political decision-making and therefore cannot enjoy the corresponding procedural utility. Utility is measured by individuals' reported subjective well-being or happiness. We find that participation rights provide more procedural utility in terms of a feeling of self-determination and influence than actual participation.
Subjects: 
Procedural utility
subjective well-being
political participation
participation rights
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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