Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/338231 
Year of Publication: 
2026
Citation: 
[Journal:] Environment, Development and Sustainability [ISSN:] 1573-2975 [Volume:] 28 [Issue:] 3 [Publisher:] Springer Nature [Place:] Berlin [Year:] 2026 [Pages:] 6799-6830
Publisher: 
Springer Nature, Berlin
Abstract: 
Satellite-based yield estimation is crucial for spotting potential deficits in crop yields at an early stage, supports farm-level decision-making and early-warning systems, and is a prerequisite for index insurance markets. Precise satellite-based yield estimations are already established for important food crops like maize and wheat. However, for many cash crops like cotton, the accuracy of satellite-based yield estimation has not been scientifically tested, mainly due to their low biomass-yield correlation. This paper contributes to exploring the suitability of multiple vegetation indices based on Sentinel-2 imagery to estimate farm-level yields for one of these cash crops, cotton. We estimated various vegetation indices conjugated with the cotton crop phenology for the selected study area and compared them with farm-level panel data (n = 232) for the years 2016–2018 obtained from a statistical agency in Uzbekistan. Overall, we tested the suitability of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index 2, the Red-Edge Chlorophyll Index and the Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index (NDRE). Among these indices, the NDRE index shows the highest fit with the actual cotton yield data (R² up to 0.96, adj R² = 0.95 and RMSE = 0.21). These results indicate that the NDRE index is a powerful indicator for determining cotton yields. Based on this approach, farmers can monitor crop growth, which in turn avoids crop loss and thereby increases productivity. This research highlights that a satellite-based estimate of crop production can provide a unique perspective which should improve the possibility of identifying management priorities to improve agriculture productivity and mitigate climate impacts.
Subjects: 
yield estimation
sentinel
cotton
vegetation indices
panel data regression
crop phenology
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version

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