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Erscheinungsjahr: 
2025
Schriftenreihe/Nr.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 17599
Verlag: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Zusammenfassung: 
Campus closures due to COVID19 created uneven student-level exposures to the challenges of home-based virtual learning. Using university administrative data, and exogenous class-level differences in pre-pandemic on-campus housing assignments for parallel trend validation, this paper unpacks student-by-course variations in grade expectations using within-semester switches in grade option choice as a lens. We find causal evidence that distance from campus and internet access affected grade option choices in select student groups (female, non-URM, non-STEM). By tracking access to friends at the student-course level using administrative records, we find that within-class peer support can offset learning challenges even in virtual environments.
Schlagwörter: 
satisfactory/unsatisfactory grade option
COVID-19
distance education
learning outcomes
JEL: 
I20
I29
Dokumentart: 
Working Paper

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