Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/305557 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 11315
Publisher: 
CESifo GmbH, Munich
Abstract: 
The gender pay gap and the gender gap in employment remains persistent in Europe despite the basic assertion of gender equality under EU law. We assess the factors that influence the gender pay gap and gender employment gap across European countries. Therefore, we use an unbalanced panel of 31 European countries over the period 2000-2022, and estimate a system generalized method of moment model (GMM). The main conclusions confirm that tertiary education significantly reduces gender pay gap and part-time and temporary contracts significantly increase this gap. Moreover, part-time reduces significantly gender employment gap. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita does not affect these gaps and the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) saw a narrowing of the gender pay and employment gaps in European countries. The results are robust when using a fixed effects (FE) model..
Subjects: 
gender pay gap
gender employment gap
secondary education
tertiary education
part-time
temporary work
GMM
European countries
JEL: 
J00
J16
C23
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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