Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/288142 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Citation: 
[Journal:] JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies [ISSN:] 1468-5965 [Volume:] 61 [Issue:] 5 [Publisher:] Wiley [Place:] Hoboken, NJ [Year:] 2023 [Pages:] 1235-1260
Publisher: 
Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Abstract: 
This article examines the determinants of public opinion on differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU). Specifically, it tests whether citizen attitudes are informed by the national experience of opt‐outs and exclusions from full participation in EU policies. The study generally finds that support for DI strongly depends on the mode of DI. Even though ‘multi‐speed DI’ is only temporary, it is evaluated more critically than durable treaty opt‐outs establishing ‘multi‐tier DI’. We suggest that citizens from opt‐out countries oppose multi‐speed DI out of concern that it would render their exemptions temporary, whereas citizens from new member states tend to be critical towards the often involuntary and discriminatory transitional arrangements that were imposed by the old member states.
Subjects: 
differentiated European integration
multi‐speed integration
multi‐tier integration
public opinion
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by-nc-nd Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version

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