Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/248979 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 9434
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
In this paper, first, six micro (4) and macro (2) estimation approaches are briefly described; they are the National Accounts Statistics discrepancy method and two new micro survey methods, a third one using a combination of company manager surveys and their knowledge to calibrate the size of the shadow economy in firms, and the consumption-income-gap of households method. The two macro methods are the MIMIC method and a structured hybrid method of the Currency demand and MIMIC models. Second, a detailed comparison of the results of four micro estimation methods with the macro MIMIC method are presented. One major result is that the estimated size of the shadow economy using the MIMIC method comes close to the size of the shadow economy of various types of recently developed micro survey methods. Third, using behavioral economics, some remarks are made about the reasons that individuals work in the shadow economy, and which estimation methods are best suited to apply this approach.
Subjects: 
MIMIC estimation methods
macro and adjusted
micro survey method asking company managers
micro survey method using household data
using the consumption-income-gap
comparison of results of size of shadow economy of mostly OECD countries
shadow economy
JEL: 
E26
E01
H26
H32
K42
P24
O17
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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