Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/229345 
Year of Publication: 
2020
Series/Report no.: 
WIDER Working Paper No. 2020/121
Publisher: 
The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki
Abstract: 
Technical change impacts both the employment intensity of production and the composition of occupations and skills of employment. Artificial intelligence, automation, and robots are already leading to machines undertaking routinizable tasks previously carried out by workers. This can lead to labour market polarization, with jobs in the middle of the wage/occupation distribution being lost relative to those at the top and bottom ends. South Africa may be a latecomer to this process, but there is already evidence it is under way and may accelerate. We offer an economy-wide perspective on this process. A standard comparative static computable general equilibrium framework is employed to explore first- and second-order impacts of equipment substituting for routine labour in production. We find that second-order economywide effects may offset some but not all of the first-order losses in routine jobs.
Subjects: 
labour market
polarization
computable general equilibrium
tasks
South Africa
JEL: 
C68
J23
J24
O55
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-9256-878-8
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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