Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/60835 
Year of Publication: 
2009
Series/Report no.: 
Staff Report No. 383
Publisher: 
Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, NY
Abstract: 
This study analyzes differences by gender in the ownership of privately held U.S. firms and examines the role of gender in the availability of credit. Using data from the nationally representative Surveys of Small Business Finances, which span a period of sixteen years, we document a series of empirical regularities in male- and female-owned firms. Looking at the differences by gender, we find that female-owned firms are 1) significantly smaller, as measured by sales, assets, and employment; 2) younger, as measured by age of the firm; 3) more likely to be organized as proprietorships and less as corporations; 4) more likely to be in retail trade and business services and less likely to be in construction, secondary manufacturing, and wholesale trade; and 5) inclined to have fewer and shorter banking relationships. Moreover, female owners are significantly younger, less experienced, and not as well educated. We also find strong univariate evidence of differences in the availability of credit to male- and female-owned firms. More specifically, female-owned firms are significantly more likely to be credit-constrained because they are more likely to be discouraged from applying for credit, though not more likely to be denied credit when they do apply. However, these differences are rendered insignificant in a multivariate setting, where we control for other firm and owner characteristics.
Subjects: 
Credit
discrimination
entrepreneurship
gender
SSBF
JEL: 
G2
G21
G32
J15
J16
L11
L26
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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