Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/58922 
Year of Publication: 
2012
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 6386
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
In this paper we estimate the effect of education on lifetime earnings in Europe, by distinguishing between individuals who lived in rural or urban areas during childhood and between individuals who had access to many or few books at age ten. We instrument years of education using reforms of compulsory education in nine different countries, and find that individuals in rural areas were most affected by the reforms while individuals with many books at home mostly benefited from education. Our main result is that books at home at age ten have had long-lasting beneficial effects on the individuals who were pushed by the reforms to increase their years of education.
Subjects: 
education
lifetime income
early conditions
Europe
JEL: 
J24
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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