Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/51744 
Year of Publication: 
2011
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 5828
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Both vertical (between job levels) and horizontal (within job levels) mobility can be sources of wage growth. We find that the glass ceiling operates at both margins. The unexplained part of the wage gap grows across job levels (glass ceiling at the vertical margin) and across the deciles of the intra-job-level wage distribution (glass ceiling at the horizontal margin). This implies that women face many glass ceilings, one for each job level above the second, and that the glass ceiling is a pervasive phenomenon. In the Netherlands it affects about 88% of jobs, and 81% of Dutch women in employment work in job levels where a glass ceiling is present.
Subjects: 
glass ceiling
wage gap
gender
JEL: 
J31
J24
J22
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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