Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/46147 
Year of Publication: 
2011
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 5468
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Goldin and Katz [2002], in an influential paper, argued that giving unmarried minors access to the contraceptive Pill was instrumental for women's professional advancement, because such access allowed marriage to be postponed. However, by 1960, married women could get the Pill and thence it is not clear why early marriage would interfere with the pursuit of professional interests. We explore the effects of this alternative, earlier, and common, route to the Pill. Using variation in state minimum-age marriage laws (EMA), we find that EMA precipitated marriage, delayed fertility within marriage, and improved the educational and occupational outcomes of women, especially non-college women. Thus, fertility control, marriage notwithstanding, emerges as a key enabler of women's educational and professional advancement.
Subjects: 
contraceptive pill
marriage
education
occupation
JEL: 
J13
J24
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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