Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/337403 
Year of Publication: 
2026
Series/Report no.: 
Cedefop working paper series No. 28
Publisher: 
Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
Abstract: 
New digital and artificial intelligence technologies are fast reshaping skill requirements in the EU labour market, fostering skill mismatches. There are marked concerns about the potentially adverse consequences of automation and AI on employment, as well as the lagging competitiveness of EU economies as individuals' upskilling or reskilling is failing to adapt. To deepen understanding of how digitalisation is affecting the nature of work and skill mismatches in EU labour markets, Cedefop carried out the second wave of the European skills and jobs survey in 2021. In this special edition of Cedefop's working paper series, ten original, short contributions have been drafted in which researchers explore in depth, for the first time, the ESJS2 microdata. The publication presents a wealth of focused and robust empirical analyses, covering a wide range of different issues on how the digital transition is affecting jobs, skills and training in Europe.
Subjects: 
Artificial intelligence
Continuing education and training
Digital competence
Digitalisation
European skills and jobs survey (ESJS)
Future of work
Future skills
Labour market
Reskilling / upskilling
Skill mismatch
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-896-3920-0
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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