Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/337159 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
New Zealand Treasury Working Paper No. 25/02
Publisher: 
New Zealand Government, The Treasury, Wellington
Abstract: 
The purpose of the paper is to help inform priorities for improving human capital. Governments, communities, and individuals invest a lot of resources in human capital. These investments include those in education, immigration systems, health, active labour market policies, and tax incentives. The paper identifies how human capital links to living standards, what is known about the strength of those links, and how effective government policies have been in improving outcomes. The paper compares international surveys and meta-analyses with what is known in New Zealand literature. It sets out how New Zealand is unusual in the way it develops human capital compared to other developed economies due to high rates of emigration and immigration, and low returns to skills. The paper also identifies gaps in understanding, research and policy directions.
Subjects: 
Human capital
Health, education, and welfare
labour economics
economics of education
technical change and economic growth
JEL: 
I0
J0
O3
H4
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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