Zusammenfassung:
The transition to clean power is the most critical step in closing the emissions gap by 2030. Nonetheless, the transition to clean power is not without its challenges. The endeavour to increase the integration of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) sources to curtail greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is complicated by the need to synchronise energy demand and supply effectively. This complexity arises from the unpredictable output of weather-dependent generators such as solar panels and wind turbines. To mitigate this issue, various strategies can be employed, including the implementation of energy storage systems, optimisation of demand patterns, and enhancement of flexibility and connectivity between different energy grids at a regional level. Energy storage is essential for electricity grids, particularly as the generation of renewable energy continues to rise. Technologies such as batteries and pumped-storage hydro plants facilitate the integration of VRE sources and contribute to the management of increasing electricity demand. Hydrogen could assume a critical role within the power sector, offering flexibility, storage and a fuel source. Power-to-Power (PtP) is a process that enables the storage of surplus renewable energy as chemical energy in the form of hydrogen. This hydrogen can either be utilised on-site or transported to the appropriate consumption location if infrastructure is in place. When there is a demand for power, the hydrogen can be converted back into electricity for power generation. It is important to note that each step in this process incurs energy losses, resulting in a specific round-trip efficiency. This paper aims to assess to estimate the round-trip efficiency of utilising renewable energy for hydrogen production, which is subsequently stored for future power generation. Furthermore, it investigates the possible applications of PtP and the specific contexts in which they could be implemented, comparing it with alternative energy storage systems, including batteries and pumped-storage hydro plants. While PtP may play a significant role in providing critical services for the power sector such as adequacy capacity and flexibility and help mitigate electricity market risks, the value derived from these services can fluctuate greatly depending on various factors. These include specific system requirements, prevailing market conditions, and the overarching policy frameworks that govern energy markets.