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Erscheinungsjahr: 
2025
Schriftenreihe/Nr.: 
ADBI Working Paper No. 1491
Verlag: 
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Tokyo
Zusammenfassung: 
As a global leader in renewable energy, India is transitioning from fossil fuel-based hydrogen to green hydrogen, driven by technological advancements, cost reductions, and supportive policies. Initiatives like the National Green Hydrogen Mission and Green Hydrogen Policy aim to establish India as a global hub, targeting an annual production of 5 million metric tons by 2030. The strategy emphasizes investments in indigenous technologies, pilot projects, and infrastructure to boost domestic demand and production. However, significant challenges remain in scaling up green hydrogen production. These include high capital expenditures for electrolyzers, gaps in transportation and storage technologies, and material dependencies. While alkaline electrolysis systems are not expected to face long-term material constraints, they still require substantial quantities of steel, nickel, and copper per megawatt. India's dependence on imported nickel could disrupt supply chains even for these systems. To address these challenges, collaboration between the government, public enterprises, and the private sector is essential for building a sustainable green hydrogen ecosystem. By 2030, India's investment in green hydrogen and its ammonia capacity is estimated to reach approximately $ 34.0 billion, with $ 9.3 billion (27%) from government-owned enterprises and $ 24.8 billion (73%) from major private companies, based on their current investment plans. This investment is projected to achieve a green hydrogen and green ammonia capacity of over 10 million metric tons by 2030, doubling the government's target. While economic analysis shows that green hydrogen projects can be viable in accordance with the Asian Development Bank's economic analysis guideline, financial analysis underscores the need for financing mechanisms-such as public funding, guaranteed pricing, and operational support-to make projects more competitive and attract investment. In particular, concessional funding will play a key role in mitigating risk and attracting initial investments. Additionally, a unified policy approach must address the development of infrastructure and foster collaboration across multiple stakeholders. Given the scarcity of key raw materials for electrolyzers, such as iridium and platinum, exploring alternative options like anion exchange membrane electrolyzers could be strategically significant for scaling up production. International partnerships for green hydrogen exports will also be important to support expansion on a large scale.
Schlagwörter: 
climate change
green hydrogen
green ammonia
India
energy transition
JEL: 
Q54
Q50
E6
O33
O31
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Dokumentart: 
Working Paper

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