Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/320505 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 17911
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We examine the relationship between economic development and female labor force participation, with a focus on the impact of gender norms. Analyzing quasi-random variation in provincial exports in reunified Vietnam from 2002 to 2018, we find that a positive economic shock led to a significant decline in women's labor market engagement, particularly among married women from wealthier households and those with husbands in more skilled occupations. This trend is more pronounced in the South (formerly capitalist) than in the North (always socialist), and among native Southerners compared to Northerners relocated to the South after the war. Our findings highlight the importance of gender role attitudes in shaping women's responses to rising incomes.
Subjects: 
gender role attitudes
social norms
female labor force participation
income and substitution effects
trade liberalization
JEL: 
J16
J22
O12
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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