Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/319140 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 17871
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
This paper examines the horizontal transmission of gender norms using the forced migration of ethnic Turks from Bulgaria to Türkiye after the fall of the Iron Curtain as a natural experiment. Despite shared linguistic and religious ties, migrant women held more progressive gender norms and stronger labor market attachment than native Turkish women. Their arrival increased labor market participation among native women, particularly in male-dominated manufacturing, while men's outcomes remained unchanged. Additionally, native women's fertility declined, and middle school attainment rose, aligning with refugee women's patterns. Exposure to progressive norms reshaped native women's roles in work and family life.
Subjects: 
culture
horizontal transmission
social learning
migration
JEL: 
J16
J15
J13
N45
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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