Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315044 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
Working Paper No. 2505
Publisher: 
Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Department of Economics, Linz
Abstract: 
We examine how parental and local factors shape the gender pay gap between daughters and sons. Maternal labor market attachment significantly reduces gender disparities as it increases daughters' earnings in adulthood relative to that of sons. We find that maternal employment has minimal effects on pre-parenthood earnings gaps. However, it substantially mitigates post-parenthood disparities as daughters return to the labour market more quickly after childbirth. Paternal employment in manufacturing and construction is linked to larger gender pay gaps and lower likelihoods of sons taking paternity leave. At the municipal level, higher female employment rates and education levels are associated with narrower gender gaps, whereas conservative norms and manufacturing employment exacerbate them.
Subjects: 
intergenerational mobility
gender wage gap
regional labor markets
gender norms
JEL: 
13
J16
J31
J62
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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