Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/314453 
Title: 

Internal Security, Cross-Border Crime, and Defense Policy in Africa: How Do Military Expenditures and Armed Forces Personnel Affect Gold-Related Customs Fraud?

The document was removed on behalf of the author(s)/ the editor(s).

Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Publisher: 
ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, Kiel, Hamburg
Subjects: 
Gold customs fraud
Military expenditures
National armed forces personnel
JEL: 
H56
O17
F52
Document Type: 
Working Paper

Files in This Item:
The document was removed on behalf of the author(s)/ the editor(s) on: June 18, 2025


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