Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/309037 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Citation: 
[Journal:] Constitutional Political Economy [ISSN:] 1572-9966 [Volume:] 34 [Issue:] 2 [Publisher:] Springer US [Place:] New York, NY [Year:] 2022 [Pages:] 145-164
Publisher: 
Springer US, New York, NY
Abstract: 
This paper provides a theoretical rationale for the simultaneous use of repression and democratic institutions by a non-democratic government, as is often observed in reality. We find that economic development has different impacts on the levels of repression and democracy, depending on whether it appears in the form of rises in income or in education: A higher income level reduces democracy, whereas more education leads to both more democracy and more repression. These theoretical implications are corroborated by dynamic panel data regressions.
Subjects: 
Democracy
Repression
Non-democratic government
Economic development
JEL: 
C33
D72
K38
H11
O10
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version

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