Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/307243 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 17419
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Fertility rates have fallen below replacement levels in many economies. We examine the relationship between female incomes and fertility for college graduates in the United States. Female income is likely endogenous to fertility, and candidate instrumental variables are likely imperfect. We use the Nevo and Rosen (2012) imperfect instrumental variable procedure to estimate two-sided bounds for the effect of female income on fertility. The effect of female income on fertility is unambiguously negative and non-trivial, but the magnitude is relatively small. Our results suggest that the recent fertility slowdown in the U.S. is not primarily due to higher female incomes.
Subjects: 
fertility
children
motherhood
female income
JEL: 
J13
J16
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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