Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/305747 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 17305
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
In many OECD countries, the majority of social spending is financed from earmarked revenues, and a large share of revenues earmarked for any type of government spending is used for social purposes. Tying revenue sources to specific expenditure categories has a number of potential advantages and weaknesses. These trade-offs depend on the design and implementation of earmarking, and they can become more binding when fiscal space is tight. In practice, provisions for linking revenues to programme spending differ widely, and they vary also by social protection branch within countries. This paper compares financing patterns and trends and provides examples of earmarking for social insurance and assistance programmes. It concludes with a discussion of carbon pricing as a potential source of financing social support programmes.
Subjects: 
social protection
financing
earmarking
fiscal space
JEL: 
H20
H50
I00
P52
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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