Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/305434 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
ADBI Working Paper No. 1487
Publisher: 
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Tokyo
Abstract: 
In many parts of the world, schools are often used as temporary shelters before, during, and after disasters that may prolong calamity-induced school closures. In this study, we combined student assessment data from the Philippine round of the 2019 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study with school administrative records and area-level typhoon warnings to assess the impact of short school closures on learning outcomes. Results show that one school closure day induced by school-as-shelter use reduces student achievement by 12% to 14% of a standard deviation, equivalent to roughly half to a full year's worth of learning. This is likely driven by a decline in student interest, rather than by a contraction in the breadth of topics covered in class or by poorer teaching quality. These findings highlight potential hidden disasters from seemingly benign but frequent hazards.
Subjects: 
school closure
learning loss
student achievement
TIMSS
JEL: 
H52
I20
Q54
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by-nc-nd Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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