Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/302208 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
IDB Working Paper Series No. IDB-WP-1618
Publisher: 
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Washington, DC
Abstract: 
We investigate differences in earnings penalties associated with working from home (WFH) between groups of gender and race before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Using a large and nationally representative longitudinal dataset, we show that the earnings penalty associated with WFH diminished for White and Black men during the pandemic while remaining high for White and Black women. We further examine three mechanisms explaining these changes: i) the equilibrium between supply and demand, as more women than men transitioned to WFH during the pandemic; ii) labor productivity, as the effective working hours of Black women were more affected by WFH; and ii) visibility and promotion, as White women became less likely than White men to be promoted when WFH during the pandemic.
Subjects: 
Gender and race disparities
Telework
Remote work
Labor marketinequalities
Wage penalty
JEL: 
J16
J21
J31
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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