Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/269186 
Year of Publication: 
2022
Series/Report no.: 
IFN Working Paper No. 1432
Publisher: 
Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm
Abstract: 
This essay argues that the most crucial institution of any school system is its view of knowledge - from which virtually all other aspects of a school are derived: the content of its curricula, its pedagogical practices, and the incentives that motivate its members. To make this case, we outline the two main conflicting views of knowledge, the classical view and the postmodern social constructivist view. According to the classical view, the purpose of schooling is to give students objective knowledge and skills that they cannot acquire in any way other than through hierarchical instruction in well-defined disciplines. The social constructivist view rejects the existence of objective knowledge. This rejection translates to a preference for student-directed pedagogy, the mixing of instructional fields, and an emphasis on developing general critical thinking skills rather than on acquiring domain-specific knowledge. Using the history of education in Sweden as an example, our analysis suggests that the recent decline in educational quality in the Western democracies can be remedied by a paradigm shift in the governing view of knowledge toward the classical view.
Subjects: 
Communal knowledge
institutions
postmodernism
social constructivism
thought style
views of knowledge
JEL: 
H42
H44
H75
I22
I28
L88
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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