Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/257445 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2020
Citation: 
[Journal:] Games [ISSN:] 2073-4336 [Volume:] 11 [Issue:] 3 [Article No.:] 27 [Publisher:] MDPI [Place:] Basel [Year:] 2020 [Pages:] 1-17
Publisher: 
MDPI, Basel
Abstract: 
Despite the accumulation of research on indirect reciprocity over the past 30 years and the publication of over 100,000 related papers, there are still many issues to be addressed. Here, we look back on the research that has been done on indirect reciprocity and identify the issues that have been resolved and the ones that remain to be resolved. This manuscript introduces indirect reciprocity in the context of the evolution of cooperation, basic models of social dilemma situations, the path taken in the elaboration of mathematical analysis using evolutionary game theory, the discovery of image scoring norms, and the breakthroughs brought about by the analysis of the evolutionary instability of the norms. Moreover, it presents key results obtained by refining the assessment function, resolving the punishment dilemma, and presenting a complete solution to the social dilemma problem. Finally, it discusses the application of indirect reciprocity in various disciplines.
Subjects: 
evolution of cooperation
evolutionary game
indirect reciprocity
social dilemma
JEL: 
C62
C72
C73
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
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Document Type: 
Article
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