Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/241987 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
WZB Discussion Paper No. SP II 2021-303
Publisher: 
Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin
Abstract: 
Reanalyzing 12 experiments on the repeated prisoner's dilemma (PD), we robustly observe three distinct subject types: defectors, cautious cooperators and strong cooperators. The strategies used by these types are surprisingly stable across experiments and uncorrelated with treatment parameters, but their population shares are highly correlated with treatment parameters. As the discount factor increases, the shares of defectors decrease and the relative shares of strong cooperators increase. Structurally analyzing behavior, we next find that subjects have limited foresight and assign values to all states of the supergame, which relate to the original stage-game payoffs in a manner compatible with inequity aversion. This induces the structure of coordination games and approximately explains the strategies played using Schelling's focal points: after (c,c) subjects play according to the coordination game's cooperative equilibrium, after (d,d) they play according to its defective equilibrium, and after (c,d) or (d, c) they play according to its mixed equilibrium.
Subjects: 
Repeated game
Behavior
Tit-for-tat
Mixed strategy
Memory
Belief-freeequilibrium
Laboratory experiment
JEL: 
C72
C73
C92
D12
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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