Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/219910 
Year of Publication: 
2017
Series/Report no.: 
Institute of Economic Research Working Papers No. 87/2017
Publisher: 
Institute of Economic Research (IER), Toruń
Abstract: 
Research background: Cycling is considered one of the most required ways of commuting, because it generates multiple benefits and low levels of external costs of transport. Many cities try to increase the share of cycling in the modal split by the way of various interventions. Effects of these efforts are different, depending on levels of rivalry and excludability of goods provided, what is influencing the attractiveness of cycling. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is (i) to describe key elements of and some solutions for cycling systems in urban areas with focus on two characteristics of goods: rivalry and exclusion, and (ii) to examine, how different levels of rivalry and exclusion influence the attractiveness of cycling and contribute to required effects of cycling policy. Methodology/methods: The paper is based on the theory of private and public goods, as well as on some elements of the New Institutional Economics. The author uses secondary data and research results presented in scientific papers available in the Web of Science Database and Google Scholar, and other information available in online documents. Findings & Value added: A change in levels of rivalry and excludability can lead to an increased attractiveness of cycling. Further research on levels of rivalry and excludability in terms of the complexity of transport systems can contribute to a better understanding of transport behaviour, creating adequate solutions and predicting future effects.
Subjects: 
rivalry
excludability
cycling
transport demands
urban transport systems
JEL: 
Q01
R41
R48
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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