Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/145392 
Year of Publication: 
2015
Series/Report no.: 
ADBI Working Paper No. 544
Publisher: 
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Tokyo
Abstract: 
The United Kingdom (UK) has one of the largest financial services sectors in the world, and strong consumer protection regulation. Yet, despite nearly 2 decades of financial inclusion policymaking, persistent problems remain. Many individuals, often the most vulnerable, are unable to get financial products and services that meet their needs at affordable prices. New forms of exclusion are emerging as digital technology advances and risk profiling becomes increasingly sophisticated. The self-employed face particular problems, having high levels of unsecured debt and being less likely to have pension savings than employees. There are long-standing competition and conduct problems in the market for small business finance, and lending to small firms has both decreased and become more expensive since the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008. Despite many small businesses having similar levels of financial sophistication as retail consumers, the regulatory system does not protect them to the same degree. Financial capability is low among the UK population. Often, the groups with the lowest capability are also those at most risk of financial exclusion. Policy recommendations include: better coordination for financial inclusion policies; support for teaching financial education in schools; more progressive savings incentives; basic banking to meet the needs of the most vulnerable; streamlining government support for small businesses; and specialized advice and financial education for small businesses and the self-employed.
Subjects: 
financial inclusion
financial education
financial regulation
financial services
JEL: 
G21
G28
L53
O16
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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