Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/107562 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2015
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 8770
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Drawing on the nationally representative "Participation and Expenditure in Education" surveys, we document the incidence and cost of private tutoring at different stages of schooling over the last two decades in India. As private tutoring involve two decisions: a) whether to take private tuition or not, and b) how much to spend on private tutoring conditional on positive decision in (a), we analyze the determinants of the two decisions separately using a Hurdle model. We find that private tutoring is not a new phenomenon in India: a significant proportion of students at each stage of schooling took private tutoring even in 1986-87, and there has been no dramatic increase in those proportions. Students in urban areas and private schools are not only more likely to take private tutoring but also spend more on private tutoring. We also find that demand for private tutoring is inelastic at each stage of schooling, which implies that the private tutoring is a necessary good in the household consumption basket. We also find evidence of pro-male bias in both decisions regarding private tutoring.
Subjects: 
private tutoring
coaching
costs
India
Hurdle model
JEL: 
I21
I22
I24
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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