Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/338621 
Year of Publication: 
2026
Citation: 
[Journal:] Circular Economy and Sustainability [ISSN:] 2730-5988 [Volume:] 6 [Issue:] 2 [Article No.:] 88 [Publisher:] Springer International Publishing [Place:] Cham [Year:] 2026
Publisher: 
Springer International Publishing, Cham
Abstract: 
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a building material with high thermal insulation properties used as masonry units in the construction of residential buildings. Although volumesof post-demolition AAC (pd-AAC) volumes are increasing, it is mainly landfilled today while landfill fees rise, legal framework conditions in Europe are tightening, and climate protection needs extensive efforts in the area of recycling. This study presents an economic assessment of pd-AAC recycling, consisting of mechanical processing (crushing, grading, purifying) and subsequent belite cement clinker production from the fine pd-AAC fraction. The processes are modelled in detail to determine needed equipment, material flows, and energy demands for five different plant capacity scenarios. Calculated total costs of pd-AAC recycling, consisting of variable costs, fixed costs, overhead costs, and general expenses, vary significantly between the different scenarios. Today, mechanical processing of pd-AAC has total costs between 30 €/t input (plant capacity: 250,000 t/a) and around 209 €/t input (plant capacity: 10,000 t/a). The mechanical processing is economically viable compared to regionally varying pd-AAC landfilling costs of 65–180 €/t for recycling plants with capacities of at least 25,000 t/a. Additional costs for subsequent belite cement clinker production from pd-AAC sum up to 800 €/t input (plant capacity: 250,000 t/a), respectively 1250 €/t input (plant capacity: 10,000 t/a). Thus, the minimum sales price for the resulting belite cement clinker would need to be around 430 €/t to compete with current landfilling costs.
Subjects: 
Post-demolition autoclaved aerated concrete (pd-AAC)
Recycling
Economic assessment
Industrial ecology
Circular economy
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version
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