Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/336627 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
MIOIR Working Paper Series No. 2025/02
Publisher: 
The University of Manchester, The Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR), Manchester
Abstract: 
In this paper, I use the case of artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse the challenges and opportunities in designing a European industrial policy that (i) adopts a pro-competitive posture, (ii) does not fall victim of the risk of double weaponization by pro-nationalistic and pro-oligopolistic narratives, and (iii) re-orients its goals away from the AI ‘arms race’ and to the provision of public goods. At the moment, the AI industry is an infant industry, and the European digital stack enabling AI applications is controlled by non-European actors, which reduces European autonomy and justifies policy support. I suggest that while AI’s economic impact are overestimated and hyped, AI should be a pillar of European industrial policy due to its strategic asset and dual-use nature. Through a series of proposals, I outline the contours of a European AI industrial policy; its features can be summarised by three keywords: public, as in the public assets that the EU should aim to build on the basis of open source technology and in the public interest; federated, through variety and the decentralisation of AI solutions conceived as a non-oligopolistic European alternative to large scale systems; and federal, realising decoupling across the technology stack, when possible and advisable, through supranational tools, institutions, and finances.
Subjects: 
Artificial Intelligence
Strategic Asset
Industrial Policy
European Union
Geopolitical Rivalries
JEL: 
L40
L50
O33
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by-sa Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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