Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/331912 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
Working Paper No. 3
Publisher: 
Center for Indonesian Policy Studies (CIPS), Jakarta
Abstract: 
We present new evidence on the gendered consequences of trade, explicitly examining shifts in foreign demand. We construct mean-aggregated local labor-market outcomes for women at the provincial level. Our two-stage least-squares (2SLS) approach suggests that an increase in foreign demand shock has a limited impact on reducing gender gaps and minor adverse effects on total employment. Resource-based sectors, typically male-dominant sectors, primarily drive this adverse employment effect. Further investigation reveals that the most affected women workers are characterized as married and less educated. These results offer crucial insights into trade and women's empowerment: relying on resource-based commodities does little to empower women, and trade policies should not focus solely on export activities in their narratives.
Subjects: 
foreign demand shock
export exposure
female employment
gender gap
local labor market
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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