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https://hdl.handle.net/10419/331495 Erscheinungsjahr:
2025
Schriftenreihe/Nr.:
Texto para Discussão No. 3165
Verlag:
Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), Brasília
Zusammenfassung (übersetzt):
This paper analyses the Social Insurance coverage, focusing on the General Social Security Regime (RGPS) for rural workers and based on two groups of interest: the employed workers (16 to 64 years old) and the elderly (65 years and over). The results are based on the Agricultural Census and the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), in its Annual (2004-2015) and Continuous (2012-2022) versions, produced by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The data indicate a continuous drop in the number of agricultural workers, despite the good moment experienced by the sector in terms of productivity and production value, coexisting the phenomena of an increase in formal rural employment and a reduction in the number of people working in family farming, the public (potentially) benefiting from the role of the Special Insured Rural Workers (SE) within the scope of the RGPS. The SE guarantees its coverage by simply proving having carried out rural work activities, as a family farmer, regardless of contributions to the RGPS, determining the levels of social protection in the rural sector of the economy and affecting more than proportionally the social insurance coverage indicators of the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Thus, among people in rural work (whether employees or self-employed, all together) there was an increase in classic social security coverage (employed contributors/employed workers), via expansion on formal employment (formal employees), compensating, so far, the drop in protection that would be observed if the only relevant effect in this group was the reduction in the number and proportion of SE. These changes tend to produce time-lagged effects on the flow and stock of social security benefits, as new cohorts reach eligibility and access requirements, and the stock of rural benefits has already been increasing at decreasing rates for some time now, differently from what happens for urban benefits. In addition to the effect of demographic dynamics and the rural-urban migration in reducing the granting rate of rural benefits over time, other factors, associated with the legal characterization of the SE, may also have converted part of the flow that would originally be rural into urban (including hybrid pensions) or social assistance benefits, for now, minimizing losses in coverage, mainly, for the elderly. The identified phenomena tend to produce adverse effects on protection levels in the coming decades, possibly demanding public sector interventions to maintain the level of coverage already achieved in the country. The intra and intergenerational agreements that characterize the Social Insurance schemes ought to be reviewed and renegotiate periodically, notably in pay-as-you-go regimes marked by financial and actuarial imbalances, such as the RGPS, but it is recommended that the necessary debates occur based on basic guiding principles, leveling a sustainable and socially fair standard of social protection.
Schlagwörter:
rural special insured workers (segurados especiais)
rural-RGPS
social insurance coverage
social protection
rural-RGPS
social insurance coverage
social protection
JEL:
H51
H77
I18
H77
I18
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