Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/329394 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Citation: 
[Journal:] Economies [ISSN:] 2227-7099 [Volume:] 13 [Issue:] 5 [Article No.:] 114 [Year:] 2025 [Pages:] 1-20
Publisher: 
MDPI, Basel
Abstract: 
This study estimates the labor market returns to non-cognitive skills among the youth under 30 years old during the early career stage. Using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) for 2016 and 2019, it examines the effects of the Big Five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability) on hourly wages. To account for potential heterogeneity in the effect of non-cognitive skills along the wage distribution, a quantile linear mixed model is employed, estimating returns at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles while controlling for repeated observations with random intercepts at the individual level. Inverse probability weighting is applied to address the selection of employment. The results indicate that openness yields the highest returns for young workers, though its effect diminishes after controlling for educational attainment. By controlling for education, the model identifies the effect of conscientiousness below the median wage level, and that of extraversion above. Finally, the study finds that the impact of non-cognitive skills on wages evolves over the life course. First, the effects of non-cognitive skills on wages vary a lot in the youth group and the entire working population (ages 16-65). Furthermore, breaking the data down by age cohorts reveals how their significance and magnitude shift at different career stages.
Subjects: 
non-cognitive skills
wages
youth
quantile regression
mixed models
JEL: 
I26
J24
J31
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article

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