Zusammenfassung:
This article treats Smith's writings on patriotism and universal benevolence in the final edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments by placing them in some broader contexts. Smith affirmed proper patriotism as virtuous and consistent with the Christian ethic of universal benevolence. Proper patriotism, however, subsists in contrast to two vicious patriotisms: the patriotism of national jealousy and the patriotism of radical reform. Much of what is heralded as serving the common good, Smith argued, does no such thing. The true patriot will not pursue national aggrandizement, but commercial liberalizations, which undercut the interest of factions but serve the good of the nation. Liberalization, however, ought to be undertaken with prudence and moderation, out of respect for the established order. Radicalism, even that which is opposed to real corruptions, Smith argued, can often undercut its own cause. In addition to the two patriotic foils (that is, the patriotism of jealousy and the patriotism of radical reform), it is useful to contrast Smith's patriotism of partnership with a third position, namely the position that is against patriotism altogether. This position is represented by Soame Jenyns.