Zusammenfassung (übersetzt):
In the context of climate emergency nowadays, the control of emissions originated from the energy sector will play a major role to limit the increase in the global temperature so that to avoid a climate catastrophe, considering the high participation of the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) originated from this sector. In overall terms, they are responsible for 75% of the global emissions. In this context, where the production and consumption in the energy sector is accountable for the largest participation in the GHG emissions, in a first instance this study attempts at providing an overview of the sustainability concept in the energy sector, initially equivalent to the participation of renewable sources in the energy matrixes, but, more recently has evolved to the SDG 7, encompassing other dimensions. Following this discussion, the study analyses how Brazil compares to other countries according to both concepts, in an attempt to assess the main challenges faced in the Brazilian case. It is worth stressing the isolated communities and the growing vulnerability of the electric sector to climate change impacts as central elements in the energetic transition in Brazil.