Bitte verwenden Sie diesen Link, um diese Publikation zu zitieren, oder auf sie als Internetquelle zu verweisen: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/316781 
Erscheinungsjahr: 
2024
Quellenangabe: 
[Journal:] Journal of International Business Policy [ISSN:] 2522-0705 [Volume:] 7 [Issue:] 3 [Publisher:] Palgrave Macmillan UK [Place:] London [Year:] 2024 [Pages:] 314-336
Verlag: 
Palgrave Macmillan UK, London
Zusammenfassung: 
Abstract Middle-income economies must prioritise human capital development to ensure long-term sustainable growth and economic upgrading. While foreign direct investment (FDI) is believed to aid this endeavour, its impact on technical vocational education and training (TVET) remains understudied. This research explores the influence of FDI by multinational enterprises (MNEs) at various stages of global value chains (GVCs) on TVET graduate numbers in Vietnam and Indonesia from 2006 to 2016. Our findings reveal that greenfield FDI plays a role in shaping TVET supply, with heterogeneous effects across different GVC segments and subnational regions. Specifically, FDI in logistics, sales and marketing, and support and servicing are associated with an increase in the supply of TVET graduates in the region, whereas FDI in headquarters and production may lead to a decline in technical skills. To address these dynamics, public policies should prioritise flexible education systems capable of adapting to MNEs’ evolving skill demands. By doing so, these economies can elevate local human capital levels and avoid the stagnation often associated with middle-income traps. This research underscores the importance of aligning policy with the needs of a rapidly changing global economy to foster sustainable development. @Plain Language Summary: In several nations witnessing economic expansion, a typical issue emerges when growth rates start to decelerate, and they find themselves ensnared in what is termed the “middle-income trap.” To preserve competitiveness and guarantee long-term development, these nations need to enhance their human capital (the abilities and knowledge possessed by their workforce). One method to accumulate human capital is via vocational training, which prepares workers with the skills required for jobs and to adjust to technological shifts. Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), through their Foreign Direct Investment (FDI—a business strategy where a company in one country makes an investment in an entity located in another country) activities, can have a significant influence in this process by affecting educational choices and altering wage structures in the host economies. However, it’s uncertain whether the presence of foreign firms aids in increasing the human capital base or obstructs skill development. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the impact of FDI on vocational training in middle-income economies. This study concentrates on Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia and Vietnam, which have witnessed substantial economic progress partly due to FDI inflows. The research utilizes data from the fDi markets database and national Labour Force Surveys, spanning the period from 2006 to 2016. The study examines the distribution of FDI across various value chain functions and its relationship with the supply of graduates from Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET—a form of education that provides practical skills and knowledge) programs in different subnational regions. The research discovered that the inflow of FDI jobs does not automatically result in an increase in the number of vocational training graduates. However, the impact of FDI on vocational training differs across various segments of the value chain and from region to region. For example, FDI in service-based activities like sales and marketing is linked with an increase in TVET graduates, while FDI in production may lead to a decrease. These findings suggest that FDI can influence the development of human capital through the labour market, but the effects are not uniform across value chain functions. The study concludes that FDI can contribute to human capital development in middle-income countries by creating incentives for vocational training. However, this process requires strategic policy interventions to ensure that the benefits of FDI are maximized and that the educational system, including TVET, is aligned with the changing demands of the global economy. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding the nuanced impacts of FDI on human capital development and suggests that policymakers should focus on strengthening vocational training to support sustianed economic development and avoid the middle-income trap. This text was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then reviewed by the author(s) to ensure accuracy. @Zusammenfassung: Volkswirtschaften mit mittlerem Einkommen müssen der Entwicklung des Humankapitals Vorrang einräumen, um langfristiges, nachhaltiges Wachstum und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung zu sichern. Während ausländischen Direktinvestitionen (FDI) nachgesagt wird, diese Entwicklung zu begünstigen, sind die Auswirkungen auf die berufliche Bildung („technical vocational education and training”, TVET) noch nicht ausreichend untersucht worden. Diese Studie untersucht den Einfluss von FDI durch multinationale Unternehmen (MNU) auf verschiedenen Stufen globaler Wertschöpfungsketten (GVC) auf die Zahl der TVET-Absolventen in Vietnam und Indonesien von 2006 bis 2016. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ausländische Greenfield-Investitionen eine Rolle bei der Form des TVET-Angebots spielen, mit heterogenen Auswirkungen in verschiedenen GVC-Segmenten und subnationalen Regionen. Insbesondere werden FDI in den Bereichen Logistik, Vertrieb und Marketing sowie Support und Service mit einem Anstieg der TVET-Absolventen in der Region in Verbindung gebracht, während FDI in der Unternehmenszentrale und in der Produktion zu einem Rückgang der technischen Fähigkeiten führen können. Um dieser Dynamik entgegenzuwirken, sollten politische Maßnahmen den Schwerpunkt auf flexible Bildungssysteme legen, die sich an den wandelnden Qualifikationsbedarf von MNU anpassen können. Auf diese Weise können diese Volkswirtschaften das Niveau des lokalen Humankapitals anheben und eine Stagnation vermeiden, die oft mit Fallen im mittleren Einkommensbereich verbunden ist. Diese Studie unterstreicht, wie wichtig es ist, die Politik auf die Bedürfnisse einer sich schnell verändernden globalen Wirtschaft abzustimmen, um eine nachhaltige Entwicklung zu fördern.
Schlagwörter: 
Foreign direct investment
Multinational enterprises
Human capital
Global value chains
Emerging markets
Theory of FDI
Panel data analysis
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