Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315862 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Citation: 
[Journal:] European Actuarial Journal [ISSN:] 2190-9741 [Volume:] 14 [Issue:] 3 [Publisher:] Springer [Place:] Berlin, Heidelberg [Year:] 2024 [Pages:] 1013-1019
Publisher: 
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Abstract: 
The profit and loss (P &L) attribution for each business year into different risk factors (e.g., interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rate etc.) is a regulatory requirement, e.g., under Solvency 2. Three different decomposition principles are prevalent: one-at-a-time (OAT), sequential updating (SU) and average sequential updating (ASU) decompositions. In this research, using financial market data from 2003 to 2022, we demonstrate that the OAT decomposition can generate significant unexplained P &L and that the SU decompositions depends significantly on the order or labeling of the risk factors. On the basis of an investment in a foreign stock, we further explain that the SU decomposition is not able to identify all relevant risk factors. This potentially effects the hedging strategy of the portfolio manager. In conclusion, we suggest to use the ASU decomposition in practice.
Subjects: 
Profit and loss attribution
Change analysis
Sequential decompositions
Shapley value
Solvency 2
JEL: 
D53
C58
G22
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article
Document Version: 
Published Version

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