Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/21983 
Year of Publication: 
2004
Series/Report no.: 
Economics Working Paper No. 2004-07
Publisher: 
Kiel University, Department of Economics, Kiel
Abstract: 
In this paper we survey the theoretical literature on both pollution-reducing and resource-saving technological progress. The literature can be divided into two strands. One strand deals with microeconomic models which investigate incentives to adopt and to develop environmentally more friendly technologies for different policy tools and in different economic environments, such as market structure or timing and commitment structures. It turns out that, firstly, price based instruments such as emission taxes and tradable permits perform better than command and control policies, and secondly, that under competitive conditions ex ante end ex post optimal policies are equivalent. Under imperfect market conditions the policy conclusions are more subtile. The second strand of literature deals with both pollution-reducing and resource-saving technological progress within endogenous growth models. Most of these models are characterized by three market imperfections : market power for new (intermediate) products, positive R&D spillovers, and pollution. These imperfections can be mitigated by subsidies on intermediate products, subsidies on R&D effort, and a tax on emissions. Moreover, in most models there occurs a trade-off between the speed of growth and environmental quality.
Subjects: 
pollution-reducing technological progress
resource-saving technological progress
environmental innovation
endogenous growth models
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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