Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/96752 
Year of Publication: 
2014
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 8108
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Anecdotal, empirical, and experimental evidence suggests that offering extrinsic rewards for certain activities can reduce people's willingness to engage in those activities voluntarily. We propose a simple rationale for this 'crowding out' phenomenon, using standard economic arguments. The central idea is that the potential to earn rewards in return for an activity may create incentives to play 'hard to get' in an effort to increase those rewards. We discuss two specific contexts in which such incentives arise. In the first, refraining from the activity causes others to attach higher value to it because it becomes scarce. In the second, restraint serves to conceal the actor's intrinsic motivation. In both cases, not engaging in the activity causes others to offer larger rewards. Our theory yields the testable prediction that such effects are likely to occur when a motivated actor enjoys a sufficient degree of 'market power.'
Subjects: 
intrinsic motivation
crowding out
behavioral economics
market power
hidden information
JEL: 
D1
M5
D8
D4
C9
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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