Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/86415 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2006
Series/Report no.: 
Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper No. 06-005/1
Publisher: 
Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam and Rotterdam
Abstract: 
This paper develops a model in which individuals gain social status among their peers for being 'tough' by committing violent acts. We show that a high penalty for moderately violent acts (zero-tolerance) may yield a double dividend in that it reduces both moderate and extreme violence. The reason is that a high penalty keeps relatively 'gutless' individuals from committing moderately violent acts, which raises the signaling value of that action, and thus makes it more attractive for otherwise extremely violent individuals. Conversely, a high penalty for extremely violent acts may backfire, as it induces relatively 'tough' individuals to commit moderately violent acts and so makes moderate violence more attractive for otherwise nonviolent individuals.
Subjects: 
status concerns
violence
subcultures
penalties
zero-tolerance
broken windows policing
JEL: 
K14
K42
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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