Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/54003 
Year of Publication: 
2011
Series/Report no.: 
WIDER Working Paper No. 2011/45
Publisher: 
The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki
Abstract: 
We estimate the carbon intensity of industries, products, and households in South Africa. Direct and indirect carbon usage is measured using multiplier methods that capture inter-industry linkages and multi-product supply chains. Carbon intensity is found to be high for exports but low for major employing sectors. Middle-income households are the most carbon-intensive consumers. These results suggest that carbon pricing policies (without border tax adjustments) would adversely affect export earnings, but should not disproportionately hurt workers or poorer households. 7per cent of emissions arise though marketing margins, implying that carbon pricing should be accompanied by supporting public policies and investments.
Subjects: 
greenhouse gas emissions
carbon use
input-output analysis
South Africa
JEL: 
D57
Q43
Q56
ISBN: 
978-92-9230-412-6
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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