Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/51683 
Year of Publication: 
2010
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 5384
Publisher: 
Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the size and the growth of Quebec's underground economy, and the corresponding loss of taxes for the government. Our approach is based on a method developed by Pissarides and Weber (1989) and extended by Lyssiotou et al. (2004). The basic hypothesis is that individuals can under-report their earnings from self-employment but not from paid work, from which taxes are directly deducted. We estimate a consumer demand system in which the marginal propensity to consume is allowed to vary with the two types of earnings. We next estimate the amount of self-employment earnings that are under-reported. From this estimate, we calculate the relative size of the underground economy in Quebec. We use data from Statistics Canada's Survey of Household Spending. According to our results, Quebec's underground economy amounted to 4.6% of GDP in 1997 and increased slightly to 5.7% in 2002. For the government, this represents approximately $ 3.3 billion in forgone taxes for the year 2002. This estimate is very close to those reported by Gervais (1994) and Fortin and Lacroix (2009) using very different estimation methods and data.
Subjects: 
underground economy
demand system
household behavior
generalized method of moments
tax evasion
income from self-employment
JEL: 
D12
E26
H26
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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