Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/343061 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2026
Series/Report no.: 
SAFE Working Paper No. 490
Publisher: 
Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Frankfurt a. M.
Abstract: 
Households around the world increasingly take portfolio advice from the same handful of large language models. Does that advice adjust to what local circumstances warrant? I pose the same portfolio problem to leading models across twenty-one countries, each in its own language. Advice is nearly uniform across countries, even though the explanations invoke local context. What moves the advice instead is the model a household consults, not the country it lives in. The models follow retail financial advice rather than what academic finance would prescribe, and fail to incorporate the household's balance sheet even when it is stated. While automated advice once held out the promise of tailoring guidance to everyone, large language models encode the same advice for everyone.
Subjects: 
large language models
financial advice
household finance
portfolio choice
robo-advising
cross-country variation
JEL: 
G11
G41
G51
D14
O33
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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