Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/334605 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 12249
Publisher: 
Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research - CESifo GmbH, Munich
Abstract: 
Socioeconomic inequality in longevity is typically measured using a single socioeconomic indi-cator such as education or income. We combine multiple indicators—education, income, occu-pation, wealth, and IQ scores—and apply machine learning to measure inequality in longevity. Using Danish population-wide data spanning 40 years, we track mortality for the 1942–44 birth cohorts from age 40 onwards to estimate life expectancy by socioeconomic status. Individuals at the top of the socioeconomic distribution live nearly 25 years longer than those at the bottom. The socioeconomic gradient in life expectancy becomes 50–150% steeper when using multiple indicators.
Subjects: 
life expectancy
inequality
machine learning
JEL: 
I14
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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