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https://hdl.handle.net/10419/334019 Title:
Authors:
Year of Publication:
2025
Series/Report no.:
FERDI Document de travail No. P360
Publisher:
Fondation pour les études et recherches sur le développement international (FERDI), Clermont-Ferrand
Abstract:
Nous avons eu une Big Beautiful Policy. Sa survie même est désormais en question. L'aide publique au développement (APD), bien qu'elle ne puisse plus logiquement s'appeler ainsi, comme cela est désormais de plus en plus largement reconnu, connaît une crise existentielle. Elle est d'autant plus profonde que, pendant des décennies, cette politique fut non seulement la première véritable entreprise collective globale, mais pouvait sembler une sorte de modèle : une définition apparemment au moins claire des objectifs quantitatifs et qualitatifs (les 0,7, les 1 % du RNB, les OMD puis les ODD…), une gouvernance (le comité d'aide au développement - CAD - de l'OCDE, le Conseil économique et social des Nations Unies), des enceintes formelles d'échange (les assemblées des institutions de Bretton-Woods et des Banques de développement, les conférences décennales sur le financement du développement, la dernière venant de se tenir en 2025 à Séville), un processus d'évaluation par les pairs au sein de l'OCDE. Que demander de plus ? Et par ailleurs, même si les donateurs avaient une prééminence claire dans tout ce dispositif, il serait caricatural de prétendre que les bénéficiaires étaient exclus et sans voix : peut-être pas entendus ou pas suffisamment entendus, sans nul doute, mais écoutés, assurément.
Abstract (Translated):
The following article diagnoses the collapse of the Official Development Aid system (ODA), this ODA system which had been rebuilt since the beginning of the century, after the earthquake of the fall of the Berlin Wall, with which it shares common points. The article points out that this second collapse began with the deep cuts in European bilateral aid that were extended by the massive overhaul of American interventions. The USA's interventions are characterized by the switch to a transactional system supported by an extended Development finance corporation (DFC). The article places these transformations in the context of a triple revolution in trade, migration, and finance. It notes that this situation has its roots in a global geopolitical evolution, characterized by a transition from a regime supported by a hegemon and its allies, which they no longer want to, nor can, support, to a new one. In this system, the new hegemon has not yet emerged and may not emerge, which is fraught with implications for the entire system. The article focuses on the financing aspect of the international development architecture. It notes that recent trends will have a significant impact on the economic growth of poor countries, particularly in Africa, for which it gives initial estimates, while noting that the countries concerned could develop dynamic strategic responses. The poorest countries will however find it difficult to make such responses. The article notes that Europe could suffer negative consequences in terms of migration and security, and that weaker economic growth in Africa will also have consequences for European economic growth, thus reducing the net savings Europe hopes to make from the reduction in its aid. However the article notes that the crisis in aid, is perhaps because aid policy has become too complex to survive, and has dug its own grave by a dangerous extension to an unsustainable "agenda of morals", but it should not be reduced to budgetary considerations alone. The schizophrenic posture of its beneficiaries in the South, divided between growing criticism and growing demands must be considered. It identifies five systemic dimensions to this crisis, and qualifies it as a crisis of definition, distribution, governance, structure, and operation. In France, where the massive cuts in aid budgets have not been the subject of any public discourse, it proposes the start of an in-depth overhaul. We had a Big Beautiful Policy. Its very survival is now in question.
Subjects:
Foreign Aid
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Document Type:
Working Paper
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