Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/333482 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
ILO Working Paper No. 145
Publisher: 
International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva
Abstract: 
This working paper explores the role of collective bargaining in achieving a just transition, drawing on recent literature and a sample of 512 collective agreements. An in-depth study of six country case studies from various regions highlights key themes in just transition clauses, namely upskilling/retraining workers; consultation processes, including on redundancies and early retirement; and transitioning workers to greener jobs. The study finds that while many agreements reference just transition, most only contain broad or symbolic language unlikely to drive meaningful change. However, the case studies also demonstrate that, in some industrialized countries, collective agreements have the potential to be an important tool to regulate just transition while balancing the interests of workers and employers and their organizations. A central conclusion is that the increasing relevance of just transition offers new opportunities for collective bargaining to go beyond traditional employment terms to play a broader role in the inclusive governance of work amid technological and environmental transitions.
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
ISBN: 
978-92-2-042110-9
Creative Commons License: 
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Document Type: 
Working Paper

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