Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/333337 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Citation: 
[Journal:] Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy (PEPS) [ISSN:] 1554-8597 [Volume:] 31 [Issue:] 1 [Year:] 2025 [Pages:] 21-56
Publisher: 
De Gruyter, Berlin
Abstract: 
This paper provides a simple dynamic model that explores the interdependence and dynamic properties of hate, violence and economic well-being. It shows that a time-dependent economic growth process that affects the evolution of hate can yield a long-run steady state, but this steady state will not be free of hate and violence. Moreover, we show that better (long-run) economic conditions do not necessarily result in lower equilibrium levels of hate and violence. We also show that, under reasonable conditions, cycles of hate and violence cannot occur. Consequently, the dynamic properties of hate and violence alone cannot result in cyclical (net) economic well-being patterns. While stable and unstable equilibria are possible, the most likely equilibrium is a saddle point. Given its nature, we can view the paper as an example of a formal model for the ideas of the "dynamical system" literature in psychology. Although the paper does not discuss policy decisions, it identifies potential instruments for policymakers to achieve better steady states and greater stability. Finally, we provide two fully nonlinear multi-dimensional numerical examples (in an appendix) to demonstrate the implications of various psychological attributes, sensitivity to economic conditions, externalities, violence and small equilibria perturbations regarding the nature of the steady state and stability of the equilibria.
Subjects: 
dynamics
genuine peace
hate
stability
steady state
violence
JEL: 
D74
H56
C61
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by Logo
Document Type: 
Article

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