Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/331733 
Year of Publication: 
2025
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 18169
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We evaluate the effects of a randomized activation program targeting recipients of the Spain's national Minimum Income Scheme. The intervention combined personalized coaching, job-search assistance, soft-skills training, and, in one treatment arm, also digital-skills workshops. While short-run employment effects were limited, the program significantly reduced the prevalence of informal work and improved participants' financial resilience. Gains were particularly pronounced among those who received the digital-skills component, who reported large improvements in digital task performance. Half a year after receiving the treatment, administrative social security records show emerging positive effects on days worked, contract stability, and full-time employment, especially in the digital-skills group. We also find evidence of a psychological awareness effect: low-engagement participants reported lower self-assessed transversal skills, possibly reflecting a shift in self-perception. Our findings highlight the potential of multidimensional, personalized activation strategies to foster formalization and digital inclusion among low-income populations.
Subjects: 
social inclusion
active labor market policies
randomized controlled trial
JEL: 
I32
I38
E24
C93
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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